The Windows Command Prompt is largely ignored by users these days since the graphical interface can accomplish almost anything. It’s simpler, isn’t it? So why does Windows still have a prompt?

It is still relevant even though it is nearly 50 years old. Instead, it’s highly well-liked and highly helpful to many. Being enduring over time is enough justification to become acquainted with it. Even in this day and age, it remains the best method for completing many tasks. It’s also fairly simple to use.

Alright, let’s get started! We’ll walk you through how to use the Windows prompt command line, go over the fundamentals of the command prompt Window, and provide you with a detailed reference of the most frequently used CMD commands.

What Is Windows Command Line?

An operating system (OS) or program’s text-based user interface (UI) that allows you to carry out different tasks is called a command prompt or prompt. You can, for example, use your computer to interact with it, manage files and directories, execute programs, script, automate, and carry out other simple and complex tasks.

Certain operating systems only give you a CLI, but others may give you both a CLI and a GUI.

Under Microsoft Windows, OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, and ReactOS, the default command-line interpreter is the Command Prompt, also known as cmd.exe. Better put, it runs the commands you enter into the Windows operating system, much like Shell does on Unix-based systems and Terminal does on macOS.

Shells, or programmes that let you give commands to a computer, are what both CLIs and GUIs are. But a CLI isn’t the same as a GUI because a GUI lets you use graphical elements—like menus and icons—instead of text to interact with the system.

History of CMD Commands.

Text-based commands date back to the days of Windows Personal Computers. Early Windows operating systems lacked a mouse cursor and other GUI components, and users could only interact with them via CLIs.

Question: What is the date on which the CMD commands were made accessible?

Answer: In December 1987, the Windows Prompt was made available. Since then, Microsoft’s design has essentially remained the same. However, in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, and XP, we formally recognize them as CMD commands.

The commands were referred to as DOS commands in previous iterations, such as Windows 98/95. Clients used the MS-DOS Prompt to run commands, and Windows versions up until the 2000s integrated MS-DOS. Later, in 2001, it was renamed Command Prompt, beginning with Windows XP.

Why Would You Use The Command Prompt?

Because of how obsolete text commands are in today’s streamlined operating systems, many users haven’t even touched the Windows Command Prompt. Indeed, if you are accustomed to the graphical user interface (GUI), you may find it inconvenient to carry out certain tasks, like managing files and folders via the command line.

Nevertheless, the command line comes in very useful for a lot of things, like finding your IP address. Furthermore, even though it functions on a fundamental level, the CMD is actually the more potent option.

It reduces the amount of time needed to complete a new task by condensing dozens of GUI clicks into a single line. Power users also like it because it allows them to communicate directly and gives them more control over their computers.

You can carry out complex operations with the command window, like making taskbar-pinning shortcuts, gaining access to important data, handling security concerns, and troubleshooting Windows errors. Additionally, you have access to portions of the operating system that the graphical user interface does not provide.

Finally, not only does this list of commands work with Windows, but it also works with Linux, macOS, and a host of other operating systems. Therefore, even if you move to a different OS in the future, having learned them once might still be useful.

How To Open the Windows Command Line?

There are several ways to launch the Command Prompt in Windows:

• • Start Menu > Type “Command Prompt” > Press Enter

• • Start Menu > Type “CMD” > Press Enter

• • Press Win + R > Type “CMD” > Press Enter

• • Right-click the Start Menu > Choose Command Prompt
  • Press Win + X > Choose Command Prompt

Depending on your Windows settings, the Command Prompt in the Start Menu may also show up as Windows PowerShell or Windows Terminal. Both are compatible with CMD commands and have greater power.

However, keep in mind that some commands call for administrator privileges. Make sure you select the Admin option from the menu in order to run some of the commands and open a command prompt. Holding down Ctrl + Shift during launch will grant you administrator permissions for the other CMD opening methods.

How To Use the Windows Command Line?

You’ll discover a lot as soon as you launch the command prompt.

Your Windows version is displayed in the first line. That’s 10.0.19045.2486 in my instance. Additionally, take note of the third line, which reads C:Users[Username]>. If CMD depends on location, it relates to the Windows user and indicates the location of where your commands will be executed. On the other hand, some CMD commands are generic. So it won’t matter where you are.

Question: In CMD, how many commands are there?

Answer: You can use about 100 commands, though the precise number varies based on your Windows version.

The instructions do not depend on the case. However, make sure you type the command in correctly as you are issuing it directly to them. The system won’t be able to comprehend you if not. But fear not—a typo cannot really hurt you. You will receive the following message if Windows is unable to recognize the command: ‘[Command]’ is not recognized as an operable program, batch file, internal or external command.

But entering the incorrect command certainly has consequences. Windows will carry out the command right away if it is recognized. It would therefore be wise to take your time and make sure everything is correct. Furthermore, unless absolutely necessary, do not use the admin Command Prompt.

Windows Command Prompt Cheat Sheet

The most frequently used Windows OS commands are finally covered. To get the most out of CMD without feeling overwhelmed, keep the list close at hand. You can print it off or keep it open on your desktop.

Basic Commands

Several of the command prompt window’s commands are easy for beginners to use, even if you have never used them before. To help you begin with the fundamentals and expand your knowledge, here is a brief summary:

• • • Any command/?: Gives you information about the specific command and what it does
    • ARROW DOWN: Enables you to move forward in history toward the most recent command
    • ARROW UP: Enables you to step through the last called commands from the most recent one
    • call: Tells batch programs from one another
    • cd (change directory): Displays the name of or changes the current directory
    • chkdsk: Scans a disk for errors and delivers a status report
    • cls: Clears the contents of the Command Prompt
    • color: Applies the default console colors
    • Ctrl+A: Moves the caret to the beginning of the line
    • Ctrl+C: Cancels a command you are running
    • Ctrl+E: Moves the caret to the end of the line
    • Ctrl+K: Deletes all characters after the caret
    • Ctrl+L: Clears the screen
    • Ctrl+U: Deletes all characters before the caret
    • date: Displays or sets the date
    • del [file name]: Deletes the selected file
    • dir (directory): Lists all the files and subdirectories in the directory you are currently in
    • echo: Presents messages or turns command-echoing on/off.
    • exit: Quits the current echo setting or the CMD.EXE program
    • find: Searches for a text string in one or multiple files
    • help: Lists many common commands you can use
    • hostname: Prints the name of the current host
    • ipconfig: Provides a network overview for your current connection
    • mkdir [new folder name] (make directory): Creates a new folder
    • pause: Suspends processing of a batch program and displays the message
    • ping: Checks if your computer can reach a remote destination and how long it will take
    • prompt: Specifies a new command prompt
    • rmdir [folder name] (remove directory): Deletes an entire folder if it’s empty
    • sfc: Windows detects and fixes corrupt system files *you need admin access
    • TAB: Autocompletes what you have been writing
    • title: Sets the window title for the command prompt window

It’s time to advance your skill once you’ve mastered the fundamentals. Let’s review the most often used CMD commands for various Windows tasks.

Files & Folders Commands

• • • assoc: Displays or modifies file extension associations
    • attrib: Displays or changes file attributes
    • comp: Compares the contents of two files or sets of files
    • compact: Displays or alters the compression of files on NTFS partitions
    • expand: Expands one or more compressed files
    • fc: Compares two files or sets of files and displays their differences
    • find: Searches for a text string in one or multiple files
    • findstr: Searches for string patterns in files
    • md: Creates a directory
    • move: Moves and renames files and directories
    • openfiles: Lists or disconnects files and folders opened on a system *you need admin access
    • print: Prints a text file
    • ren (rename): Renames one or multiple files
    • replace: Replaces files
    • robocopy: Creates robust file copy for Windows
    • tree: Graphically displays the selected folder structure of a drive or path
    • type: Displays the contents of one or more text files
    • xcopy: Copies files and directory trees

Disk & Partition Commands

• • • chkdsk: Checks a disk and displays a report
    • chkntfs: Displays or modifies the checking of the disk at boot time
    • convert: Converts a FAT volume to NFTS
    • format: Formats a disk for use with Windows
    • label: Creates, changes, or deletes the volume label of a disk
    • recover: Recovers readable information from a bad or defective disk
    • vol: Displays the disk volume label and serial number, if they exist

Network Commands

• • • arp: Displays and modifies the IP to physical address translation tables used by ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)
    • bitsadmin: Creates, uploads or downloads jobs and monitors their progress
    • ftp: Transfers files to and from a computer running an FTP server service
    • ftype: Displays or modifies file types used in file extension associations
    • netsh: Configures, controls, and displays network components
    • netstat: Displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections
    • route: Manipulates network routing tables
    • systeminfo: Displays OS configuration information for a local or remote machine, including service pack levels

System Information & Configuration Commands

• • • driverquery: Enables you to display a list of installed device drivers *you need admin access
    • powercfg: Enables you to control power settings on a local system
    • shutdown: Turns off computer
    • time: Displays or sets the system time
    • ver: Displays the Windows version

You’ll save a tonne of time if you combine commands to run multiple commands at once rather than waiting for each one to finish separately. Commands can be combined by separating them on the same line with a semicolon (;).

Additionally, you have the option to use “only if.” The command and its predecessor are linked. The command that comes after “&&” won’t finish until the preceding command has also been executed successfully. Conversely, if the command comes after “||,” it won’t finish until the one before it has failed.

If you feel that this is insufficient and you would like to expand your understanding of related subjects, you can find a comprehensive list of all commands along with alphabetical explanations on the official Microsoft page.

How To View Your Command Prompt Window History?

The fact that the Command Prompt only saves information from the currently open session is one of its primary drawbacks. Thus, theoretically, you won’t be able to go back and review what you did if you followed instructions and restarted your computer.

Thankfully, there are a few tricks, and we’ve chosen to add them to our cheat sheet for the Windows command prompt as extras.

• First, you can use the keyboard shortcut:
• • • Open a command prompt
    • Run commands
    • Press the F7 key
    • Check the list of recent commands
    • Press the one you want to execute again
    • Hit enter

• Second, you can search the command history:
• • • Open a command prompt
    • Execute commands
    • Press the F7 key
    • Check the list of recent orders
    • Press the F8 key
    • Type what you remember from the line
    • Press the F8 key again
    • If you don’t like the result, press the F8 key again to view another entry

• Next, you can use the doskey:
• • • Launch the Prompt
    • Type doskey/history

It will let you edit command lines, remember commands you’ve typed before, and even make macros.

• Last but not least, you can export your prompt history to file:
• • • Run the CMD as an Administrator
    • Type doskey /h > c:\cmd_history.txt
    • Change the c:\cmd_history.txt to represent the file path and name you want to export your current history to

The Next Step: Windows PowerShell

An alternative to the Windows Command Prompt is PowerShell. It is compatible with Windows, Linux, and macOS and consists of a scripting language, configuration management framework, and command-line shell.

Question: When was PowerShell released?

Answer: In November 2006, Microsoft released PowerShell 1.0 for Windows Vista, Windows Server 2003 SP1, and Windows XP SP2.

The company first made PowerShell available as an optional component that included a number of helpful commands, or cmdlets. Better integration of the cmdlets with their products, including batch files and VB scripts, was their aim.

However, the business just declared that PowerShell will replace CMD.EXE. Thankfully, if you’d rather, you can continue to use the Command Prompt.

Windows Command Prompt vs. Windows PowerShell

The most recent and advanced iteration of the Command Prompt is called PowerShell. You can essentially use it to perform the same commands as CMD. It also makes administrative tasks easier to complete.

Let’s take a quick look at some of their differences so you can better understand both applications.

Command Prompt:

• • • Works with Batch commands exclusively
    • You cannot create aliases for commands
    • You cannot pass the output from a command on to other commands
    • Output comes out in the form of text
    • No separate ISE
    • Requires an external plugin for WMI interaction
    • It doesn’t support Linux OS
    • You can only run console-type programs
    • It cannot connect to Microsoft cloud products

PowerShell:

• • • Works with Batch commands and PowerShell cmdlets
    • You can create aliases for cmdlets or scripts
    • You can pass the output from a cmdlet on to other cmdlets
    • Output comes out in the form of an object
    • Has a separate ISE
    • It can integrate directly with WMI
    • Fully supports Linux OS
    • You can run all types of programs
    • It can connect to Microsoft cloud products

Which one then should you study? Depending on what you need. PowerShell is a rather recent release. It offers greater compatibility and options, is simple to understand, and many advancements will come quickly. However, the majority of the tasks can be completed with the outdated and all-timer CMD.

Conclusion

Despite being a controversial claim, a CMD is actually far more capable than a GUI. Even better, it’s not just meant for sophisticated or seasoned users. On the contrary, actually. Beginners can also benefit from the Windows prompt’s ease of use and efficiency in terms of time.

In the end, it is worthwhile to become familiar with the Windows command prompt. And the best way to maximise your Windows experience is to start with our cheat sheet for the Windows command prompt!

The post Windows Command Prompt – The Ultimate 2023 Edition appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

.

The ability to code is becoming more and more important in the current digital era. You can change careers or learn a new skill by using one of the many online coding platforms. Explore 10 top programs to learn how to code in 2023, ideal for launching your career, mastering Python, or entering the industry.

Selecting the ideal platform can be difficult because there are so many options. These platforms offer a variety of beginning to advanced coding courses covering a wide range of programming languages and topics related to website development.

Regardless of your level of experience with programming, these platforms are a great place to start!

1. Codeacademy

Codeacademy’s extensive curriculum and easy-to-use interface make it one of the greatest online coding courses available in 2023 for learning programming. For those looking to advance their programming abilities and learn computer science, this platform offers online programming courses. Everyone can find something at Codeacademy, regardless of programming experience level.

Coding Programs

In order to assist new users in learning the foundations of javascript, HTML/CSS, and other popular programming languages. Codeacademy provides a range of virtual courses. Additionally, the platform offers interactive projects that allow users to apply their knowledge of coding to solve real-world problems.

Current users can access advanced programs like developing mobile apps and intricate algorithms through Codeacademy. The platform’s emphasis on problem-solving skills and large course collection allows users to stay up-to-date with trends and improve their coding skills.

In summary, Codeacademy is a one-stop shop for anyone looking to learn computer science, improve their coding skills, and possibly pursue a career in the field. Whether you’re a complete beginner or an expert coder, Codeacademy has everything you need to improve your coding abilities.

Pricing

Codeacademy provides a few free versions, but you need to pay for a Pro subscription in order to use all of its features and content.

2. Udemy

Udemy is among the best online resources in 2023 for learning to code. The platform’s vast library of more than 100,000 programming courses enables both new and experienced users to learn different programming languages and web development skills at their own pace.

Whether you want to learn a new programming language, hone your coding abilities, or establish a foundation in computer science, Udemy offers a method that is suitable for you. Some of the programming courses on Udemy are free, so you don’t need to worry about them.

Coding Programs

Udemy’s extensive curriculum, which covers fundamental abilities like data structures, algorithms, problem-solving, and software development, is one of its strong points.

Experienced instructors guide students in developing their coding skills through interactive lessons, practical projects, and coding challenges. Online courses in popular programming languages like Python, JavaScript, and SQL are available on Udemy.

Udemy offers a flexible learning environment that may be helpful to users who want to learn coding on their own terms. If you can learn at your own pace, you can set realistic goals and improve your programming skills at a pace that works best for you. Regardless of your level of experience—from total beginner to seasoned coder—Udemy offers online coding classes.

In addition to its vast curriculum, Udemy offers a welcoming online community where users can communicate with instructors and other students. Regardless of whether a user wants to work with others on a project or needs help with a coding challenge, Udemy offers a wealth of resources and assistance to help them advance their programming skills.

Pricing

For those looking to advance their programming abilities, the platform provides a substantial selection of both paid and free programming courses.

3. Coursera

Coursera is one of the best online resources for learning to code in 2023. Many programming languages and computer science courses from prestigious universities and organizations around the globe are accessible through this portal. With its array of useful projects, coding workshops, online programming courses, and artificial intelligence programs, Coursera offers a comprehensive learning experience to both novice and experienced users.

Coding Programs

Coursera offers courses in data structures, responsive web design, and data visualization, along with the most popular programming languages—Python, Javascript, and C. To impart the skills necessary to become a website developer, these classes include problem-solving techniques, coding fundamentals, and practical projects.

In terms of development, Coursera provides a special chance to study advanced computer science, data science, and website development courses taught by professionals in the field. The scientific computing, computational thinking, and object-oriented programming skills covered in these courses are essential for future employment in these domains.

Additionally, Coursera offers online coding courses that you can complete at your own speed if you prefer a self-paced learning environment.

Whether you’re a total beginner or want to hone your coding skills, Coursera offers a wide range of online courses to meet your needs. Offering some of the best coding schools, coding programs, and coding languages is this platform that specializes in teaching coding. Because it provides a comprehensive learning experience through its coding fundamentals, real-world projects, and coding classes, the platform is perfect for anyone looking to learn how to code online.

Pricing

For those looking to advance their programming abilities, the platform provides a substantial selection of both paid and free programming courses.

4. edX

]In 2023, EdX stands out as one of the top courses for learning to code. The website provides a large selection of online coding courses that cover a range of computer science, web development, and programming language subjects. edX has something to offer programmers of all skill levels, from absolute beginners to seasoned pros hoping to improve.

Coding Programs

In addition to traditional coding classes, EdX offers courses in cutting-edge technologies like machine learning and data science. Because of this, the platform is a great choice for people who want to learn more about the newest technological trends or who want to work in these industries.

Pricing

With a variety of both free and paid courses available, EdX is a great option for students on a tight budget. To help users advance their careers and develop their programming skills, EdX also provides paid certification programs for those who want a more regimented and guided learning environment.

5. Free code camp

FreeCodeCamp is one of the best courses to learn to code in 2023. It offers a comprehensive curriculum that covers a range of subjects related to machine learning, web development, and computer programming. Students can practice their newly acquired skills by completing interactive coding challenges and practical projects on the portal.

Coding Programs

The most popular programming languages, including HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and SQL, are all thoroughly covered in the courses that FreeCodeCamp offers. As part of the curriculum, which teaches students how to build full-stack web apps, students can work on projects that are comparable to those they would encounter in real-world situations. This facilitates students’ acquisition of the skills and knowledge required to excel as website developers and advance their programming abilities.

Additionally, the platform provides courses on machine learning and artificial intelligence, enabling users to increase their knowledge and proficiency. The courses give students the skills they need to succeed as data scientists by covering topics in data analysis and visualization.

A great resource for anyone learning to code in 2023 is FreeCodeCamp. Its extensive curriculum, practical assignments, and encouraging online community equip students with the fundamental programming abilities required to succeed as web developers and data scientists.

Pricing

Web development and coding instruction are available at no cost through the open-source, self-paced FreeCodeCamp platform.

6. Khan academy

The non-profit online learning platform Khan Academy has been offering free courses for more than a decade. With millions of resources at their disposal, it provides high-quality education to millions of students.

You can learn to code by taking computer science and web development courses at Khan Academy. The platform’s intuitive design makes it simple to locate and enroll in the courses you want to take.

Coding Programs

The platform offers classes in HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and SQL for people who want to work as web developers. The platform offers courses in more advanced topics like algorithms and data structures in addition to these foundational subjects. These courses are crucial for anyone interested in a career in software engineering or data science.

Another wonderful aspect of the platform is the flexible learning environment it provides. It’s important to be able to study at your own pace, especially if you have a busy schedule or are new to coding.

Students can apply what they have learned through interactive coding challenges and practical projects on the platform. This helps to reinforce the concepts and makes learning more enjoyable and engaging.

Khan Academy offers the foundational skills needed for a career in software engineering, web development, or complex algorithms. The site is an excellent resource for learning to code and gaining useful tech skills. Since certified professionals teach the courses, students can feel secure in the knowledge that they are receiving instruction from subject-matter experts.

Pricing

One of the main benefits of learning to code is that the platform offers free courses. This makes it an excellent option for those looking to learn to code for free but on a tight budget.

7. Udacity

There are many courses available on Udacity, a trustworthy online learning platform, including ones in technology and coding. The site is well known for emphasizing the useful, real-world applications of coding skills and for concentrating on interactive projects.

Coding Programs

Udacity remains one of the best courses for learning to code in 2023 because of its extensive curriculum, which covers a range of well-known programming languages and technologies, including machine learning, website development, and more.

In terms of career development, Udacity offers helpful tools and assistance to help students make the transition from learning to code to getting their first programming job.

Due to Udacity’s partnerships with top tech companies like Google, Amazon, and Facebook, they are able to offer employers highly sought-after content that is current and relevant.

Learners can acquire a variety of crucial programming abilities with Udacity, such as object-oriented programming, data analysis, problem-solving, and creating mobile apps.

Pricing

Udacity provides both paid and free course options. While some of the content and courses on Udacity are free to access, others charge a fee.

8. Pluralsight

Pluralsight is one of the best resources for learning to code in 2023; it offers both novice and expert programmers an extensive and worthwhile learning experience.

The website primarily focuses on improving programming skills and offers a large selection of programming courses and tutorials covering popular programming languages as well as cutting-edge technologies like machine learning and data science.

Coding Programs

Pluralsight’s extensive collection of online programming courses and tutorials, which covers everything from basic computer science and coding concepts to more complex subjects like data visualization, is one of its key advantages.

In addition, the platform hosts a sizable community of programmers, online journals, and online forums where you can interact with other students, work together on projects, and gain access to a multitude of information and tools.

Pricing

For new users, Pluralsight provides a free trial; however, in order to access the entire library of courses and content, you must purchase a subscription plan. Depending on the amount of access you require, they offer different pricing tiers for both annual and monthly subscription options.

Pluralsight is a great option if you’re new to coding and want to learn the fundamentals or if you’re an experienced coder looking to improve your skill set. Pluralsight offers the best environment for learning, practicing, and honing your programming skills with its extensive courses, hands-on approach, and emphasis on the most popular programming languages and fundamental abilities.

9. Code schools

Code School, is a comprehensive online learning platform with a variety of programming courses. It is one of the best programs to learn in 2023. Because the platform offers a wide range of programming languages and website development topics, it’s a great choice for both inexperienced and experienced users.

Coding Programs

Code School offers courses that cater to different learning styles. It helps users quickly advance their coding knowledge by giving them practical projects, problem-solving strategies, and coding fundamentals.

When it comes to development, Code School offers courses on advanced mobile app development, web design, machine learning, data structures, object-oriented programming, and website development. For those who want to work in full-stack development, web design, data science, or freelance, this makes it a great option.

Pricing

In addition, Code School offers a vast collection of online courses and coding classes for well-known programming languages like Python, JavaScript, and Structured Query Language (SQL). The platform allows users to select the most appropriate learning experience based on their needs by providing both paid and free coding classes.

10. Code avengers

In 2023, Code Avengers stands out as one of the top courses for learning to program. Those with no programming experience or some programming knowledge can use the platform. The platform provides an interactive, hands-on approach to learning code that emphasizes projects and problem-solving abilities. This offers an engaging and useful approach to learning to code.

Coding Programs

Popular website development programming languages like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and Python are the classes offered by Code Avengers. Additionally, the platform offers a thorough course on responsive web design, which will be crucial for website developers in 2023.

The platform also provides courses in object-oriented programming and javascript algorithms, two essential computer programming abilities.

Pricing

Code Avengers provides courses aimed at enhancing students’ problem-solving and programming abilities. Additionally, the platform offers practical projects that let users use their programming knowledge in authentic settings. This is an excellent method for enhancing critical thinking skills and gaining confidence in one’s coding abilities.

Conclusion

A range of top-notch coding platforms await individuals seeking to enhance their skills. In 2023, from Codecademy to Pluralsight and more, these 10 programs help you achieve and learn how to code. It also pushes you to achieve your coding goals, no matter your skill level.

For those who wish to learn how to code in 2023, these ten programs provide the best opportunities. They offer a variety of programming languages and are appropriate for novice and intermediate coders. Regardless of your interest in developing mobile apps, games, or websites, these programs equip you with the abilities required to be successful.

These programs let you learn at your own pace and advance your skills in a motivating and encouraging setting. They include classes, online lessons, and practical projects.

The post The Top 10 Programs to Learn How to Code in 2023 appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

One useful tool for enabling remote computer operation and connection is a remote desktop. A feature built into Windows Server allows administrators to access and manage the server remotely.

We will cover how to set up and configure the remote connection using Remote Desktop and connect to your Windows server in this blog post. We will additionally discuss the various applications and instruments accessible for establishing a server connection. Along with typical problems that could occur when a system administrator, network administrator, or regular user needs to establish a remote connection to a server.

How to Use Remote Desktop to Access Your Windows Server

Step 1: Enable Remote Desktop on Your Server

You must first enable remote desktop access on your server in order for it to accept connections from other computers before you can use a remote desktop to access it. Take these actions to accomplish this:

• • 1. Open the System Properties: Go to the Start Menu, click “Run”, type “sysdm.cpl”, and press Enter. This will open the System Properties dialog box.
    2. Go to the Remote Tab: Go to the “Remote” tab in the System Properties dialog box.
    3. Enable Remote Desktop: In the Remote tab, select “Allow remote connections to this computer”. This option enables Remote Desktop connections on the server.
    4. Click OK.

Step 2: Determine the IP Address of Your Windows Server

To use a remote desktop to access your server, you must know its IP address. An exclusive identification that indicates the server’s location on the network is its IP address. Use these procedures to determine your server’s IP address:

• • 1. On your Windows server, open the Start Menu and type “cmd” in the search bar.
    2. Click on “Command Prompt” in the search results.
    3. In the Command Prompt, type “ipconfig /all” and press Enter.
    4. Look for the “IPv4 Address” line. The number next to it is the IP address of your server.

There are a few things you must do to make sure your Remote Desktop connection to your server works if you are using a public IP address.

Step 3: Download and Install a Remote Desktop Client

Next, on the PC you wish to use to access your server, you must download and install a remote desktop client. A software program called a remote desktop client lets you connect to and manage a computer from a distance. There are numerous remote desktop applications available, such as Microsoft Remote Desktop, which is available from the Microsoft Store for free.

Step 4: Connect to Server Using Remote Desktop

You can establish a remote desktop connection to your server now that you have enabled remote desktop and know its IP address. Through the Remote Desktop Protocol, computers running remote desktop applications can connect to and manage another server remotely (RDP). Take these actions to accomplish this:

1. 1. 1. Open the Remote Desktop Connection app on the computer or device you want to use to connect to the server. This app is built into Windows, and you can find it by searching for “Remote Desktop Connection” in the search bar.
      2. In the Remote Desktop Connection app, enter the server’s IP address or the server’s hostname.
      3. Click Connect.
      4. You will be prompted to enter your login credentials for the server. Enter the username and password for an account on the server that has been added to the Administrators group.
      5. You should see a pop-up window with a remote session to the server if everything is set up correctly.

Supported Operating Systems

With the help of the Microsoft Windows operating systems’ Remote Desktop feature, users can connect to a remote computer and take control of it just like they would if they were working locally. The operating systems that enable remote desktops are as follows:

1. 1. 1. Windows 10: All Windows 10 editions, including Home, Pro, Enterprise, and Education, support Remote Desktop.
      2. Windows 8.1: Remote Desktop is supported in all editions of Windows 8.1, including Home, Pro, Enterprise, and RT.
      3. Windows 7: The Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions of Windows 7 all come with Remote Desktop.
      4. Windows Server: All server editions, including Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2008 R2, support remote desktop.
      5. Mac OS X: With the Microsoft Remote Desktop software, which is available from the Mac App Store, Mac users can establish Remote Desktop connections with Windows PCs.

Remember that the remote computer’s operating system needs to have Remote Desktop enabled. It is necessary for the user connecting to the remote computer to have the appropriate permissions. The local computer also has to have the Remote Desktop software installed.

Step 5: Adjusting Remote Desktop Settings

You can tweak a few settings to personalize your experience after establishing a remote desktop connection with the server. Take these actions to gain access to these settings:

1. 1. 1. In the Remote Desktop Connection, click on Show Options.
      2. In the Options tab, you can adjust various settings, such as the display size, color depth, and sound options.
      3. You can configure options such as port forwarding and network-level authentication in the Advanced tab.
      4. Make any desired changes and click Connect to save the changes.

Step 6: Adding Users to the List of Allowed Users

By default, only one user at a time may establish a remote desktop connection to the server. You need to add users to the allowed user lists if you want more than one user to connect to the server at once. Take these actions to accomplish this:

1. 1. 1. On the server, open the Control Panel.
      2. Click on System and Security.
      3. Click on System.
      4. In the left-hand panel, click on Remote Settings.
      5. In the Remote Desktop section, select the “Advanced” tab.
      6. Click on “Select Users”.
      7. In the Remote Desktop Users window, click on “Add Users”.

Step 7: Troubleshooting Common Issues

There are a few typical problems you can troubleshoot if you are experiencing difficulties establishing a remote desktop connection to your server.

• • • Incorrect IP address: Verify that the IP address you entered for your Windows server is correct. To find the IP address, use the server’s Command Prompt.
    • Network connectivity: Verify that the computer or other device you are using to connect to the server is a part of the same local network as it is. Make sure you have a reliable internet connection if you are connecting from a remote location.
    • Firewall: Make sure the remote desktop connection is not being blocked by your firewall. To make sure that remote desktop connections are permitted, you can verify your firewall settings.
    • Remote Desktop Services: Verify that the Windows server’s Remote Desktop Services are up and running. Use these procedures to see the Remote Desktop Services’ current status:
      1. Open the Control Panel on the Windows server.
      2. Click on System and Security.
      3. On Administrative Tools, click.
      4. Select Services.
      5. Locate the Remote Desktop Services and ensure that it is running.
    • Remote settings: Make sure the Windows server has remote desktop enabled and that the computer or device you are using to connect to the server is authorized to do so. Use the procedures listed in Step 1 to check the settings.

Securing your Windows server

A security certificate verifies the authenticity of a website and establishes an encrypted connection between the client and the server. Before granting a certificate, a certificate authority (CA), a trustworthy outside agency that certifies websites and servers, verifies the legitimacy of the server.

A client receives the certificate when it establishes a connection with a website or server that has one. Next, the client’s operating system or browser confirms that the certificate is legitimate and was issued by a reputable CA. If the certificate is legitimate and reliable, the client can create an encrypted connection with the server or website.

Windows Servers can have their Remote Desktop connections secured with a certificate. During the establishment of a remote desktop connection, the certificate encrypts the data sent between the client and the server. This keeps eavesdropping and data manipulation at bay, helping to ensure that personal information stays private.

To use a certificate with Windows Server Remote Desktop, you need to install one on the server from a trusted CA. You can also use a self-signed certificate for testing. This is not recommended, though, as production settings do not automatically trust self-signed certificates.

Step to Enable Remote Desktop with a Certificate

After installing the certificate on the server, you can set up Remote Desktop to use the installed certificate. Take these actions to accomplish this:

1. 1. 1. Open the Control Panel: Go to the Start menu and type “Control Panel”. Click on the option in the search results to open it.
      2. Enable Remote Desktop: Click “System and Security” and then click “System”. Click on the “Remote Settings” tab in the System Properties window. Click the “Allow remote connections to this computer” checkbox to enable Remote Desktop.
      3. Configure the Remote Desktop connection: Open the Remote Desktop Connection client on your local computer. Click on the “Options” button and then click on the “Advanced” tab.
      4. Add the certificate: Click on the “Settings” button in the Advanced tab and select the “Use these RD Gateway server settings” option. Enter the server’s hostname or IP address in the “Server name” field, and select the security certificate from the “Certificate” drop-down menu.
      5. Connect to the server: Click the “Connect” button to establish a remote desktop connection to the server using the certificate.

Remote Desktop with a certificate encrypts sensitive data during remote connections. Additionally, it helps to shield the server from unauthorized access and man-in-the-middle attacks. If you’re using Remote Desktop in a production environment, you should use a certificate for enhanced security.

Using Microsoft Remote Desktop (Mac OS X versions 10.9 and later)

If you connect to your Windows server from a Mac OS or Windows-based computer, the procedure is the same as the ones described above. To connect to the server, you’ll need to use the Remote Desktop Connection client and have the server’s IP address.

You can use the Microsoft Remote Desktop app, which is available from the App Store, to connect from a Mac OS computer. Thus, you can use the integrated Remote Desktop Connection client when logging in from a Windows computer. Thus, these are the actions:

1. 1. 1. Download and install the Microsoft Remote Desktop app from the Mac App Store.
      2. Launch the Microsoft Remote Desktop app and click the “+” button in the top left corner to add a new connection.
      3. Enter the name of the remote computer you want to connect to and its IP address or hostname. This allows you to designate the user account that you wish to use for the connection.
      4. Click “Save” to save the connection information.
      5. Double-click the connection you just created to start the Remote Desktop session.
      6. Then, Enter your login credentials when prompted, then click “Connect”.
      7. You will now be connected to the remote computer and can access and control it as if you were working directly.

It’s easy and safe to manage and maintain your Windows server remotely with Microsoft Remote Desktop for Mac OS X. You can access and control your server from anywhere.

Conclusion

In conclusion, connecting to a Windows server via Remote Desktop can be a helpful tool for controlling, maintaining, and operating the system remotely.

As a result, You can effortlessly connect to your Windows server from any remote location by following the instructions in this guide, and you can carry out a variety of tasks as if you were physically present on the server. Additionally, Remote Desktop gives you a practical and safe way to access and manage your server remotely, allowing you to work faster and more efficiently.

Lastly, you can greatly increase your ability to manage and service your Windows server from any location by learning how to use a remote desktop effectively.

The post How to Use Remote Desktop to Access Your Windows Server appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

You might be wondering why we use the Linux operating system with a Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) and what it is. KVM is a fundamental component of our operations and helps to guarantee that our servers meet the highest requirements. We will go over a few of these benefits below to help you understand why we use a kernel-based virtual machine (KVM) for our servers and why they are useful additions to Linux kernel operations.

What is KVM?

Using a Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), you can create separate virtual environments and multiple virtual machines on your operating system by converting Linux or Windows Server into a hypervisor. This gives consumers a simple, seamless integration experience. KVM has advantages beyond virtualization technologies, such as the following:

1. 1. 1. Performance
      2. Security
      3. Storage
      4. Hardware Support
      5. Memory Management
      6. Live Migration
      7. Scheduling and Resource Control
      8. Greater Prioritization and Reduced Latency

In order to make it clearer why we advise utilizing a Linux Kernel Based Virtual Machine to optimize all operating systems, we will go over each of the KVM features.

What are KVM Linux Functions?

Understanding virtualization and the variations amongst hypervisor types is prerequisite to comprehending how a KVM Linux system operates. To put it simply, virtualization is the ability to run one or more complete guest operating systems on a single host server. It is possible for software to emulate the hardware virtualization that guest systems receive, or for a hypervisor to manage natural hardware resources.

What are the 3 Types of Virtualization?

There are three different types of virtualization that you should be aware of. Among these various virtualization types are:

• • • Full Virtualization: When the software fully emulates the hardware, this is known as full virtualization. There is no need for additional real hardware interaction.
    • Para-Virtualization: Due to its direct interaction with the hypervisor, the guest system needs drivers that are specifically made for it.
    • Hardware-Assisted Para-Virtualization: The processor already incorporates the necessary hardware support. This improves the guest systems’ efficiency while decreasing customization. This feature is present in the majority of AMD and Intel processors, though you might have to enable it through the BIOS or UEFI.

Who Makes Use of KVM for Virtualization?

The most notable users of this feature are large vending companies like Red Hat Enterprise Linux, an affiliated company that runs KVM. Aside from its features, this is one of the reasons we employ a kernel-based virtual machine. The sole hypervisor available for all Red Hat virtualization products is KVM.

For many of their virtualization products, businesses like Google, Canonical, IBM, and Red Hat rely on KVM-based technology. IT administrators can run multiple operating systems on the same hardware with KVM, which is the main virtual machine and standard for this purpose.

What is Type 1 vs. Type 2 Hypervisor?

The hypervisor functions as a layer of management or translation that separates virtual and physical hardware resources. Translating all of the natural hardware requirements is necessary, depending on the type of virtualization solution.

There are two varieties of hypervisors:

• • • Type-1 (Bare Metal Hypervisor): Type-1 operates independently of an operating system, directly on the hardware.
    • Type-2 (Hosted Hypervisor): Type-2 is integrated into the operating system and is turned on there.

Keep in mind that Linux KVM is a type-1 hypervisor that integrates hardware-assisted para-virtualization into the kernel module.

The KVM Hypervisor’s Features and Our Reasons for Using It

Using the KVM Hypervisor with Linux offers a range of features, ensuring top-notch security, high performance, and scalability within virtualization setups. Let’s explore why these traits surpass traditional virtualization solutions.

Performance

KVM capitalizes on Linux’s inherent performance by dynamically scaling to meet increasing demands from guest operating systems. This adaptability makes KVM a go-to choice for enterprise-level virtualization, enabling the smooth operation of even the most demanding workloads.

Being a type-1 Hypervisor, KVM outshines typical type-2 Hypervisors, delivering near-metal performance. This translates to swift boot times for KVM’s hypervisor VMs and optimal performance outcomes.

Security

KVM ensures robust security by employing SELinux (Security-Enhanced Linux) and sVirt (Secure Virtualization). SELinux establishes a secure environment around VMs, while sVirt extends these capabilities by adding MAC (Mandatory Access Control) security to guest VMs, effectively preventing manual labeling errors.

Storage

Leveraging Linux-supported storage options like local disks or NAS (Network Attached Storage), KVM ensures efficient storage utilization and redundancy. It also facilitates shared file images, allowing multiple hosts to access the same VM images. The use of 3-way storage ensures the availability of storage copies across multiple servers.

Hardware Support

KVM supports various certified hardware platforms backed by Linux and Windows. Thanks to continuous contributions from hardware vendors, KVM readily integrates the latest hardware advancements incorporated into the Linux kernel.

Memory Management

Inheriting memory management features from Linux, KVM optimizes VM memory by utilizing large volumes that enhance overall performance. This memory can be swapped and backed by disk files, ensuring efficiency.

Live Migration

KVM enables live migration, allowing seamless relocation of running VMs between physical hosts without service interruption. Applications continue running during the relocation process, ensuring uninterrupted service.

Scheduling and Resources Control

Treating Virtual Machines as Linux processes, KVM leverages the Linux kernel for scheduling and resource allocation. This results in efficient resource management and fine-grained control within each process.

Greater Prioritization and Reduced Latency

Linux’s real-time extensions reduce latency and elevate prioritization for VM-based apps. Kernel modules split lengthy processes into smaller components for improved performance.

Kernel Virtual Machine Manager Options

Several KVM manager options cater to managing and streamlining VMs through a user-friendly graphical interface. These platforms ensure efficient management, enhancing overall business operations.

Popular KVM Manager Options:

• • • Virtual Machine Manager: A desktop interface facilitating direct KVM VM management.
    • Multipass: Preferred by developers, it excels in managing Ubuntu VMs and is compatible with Linux, Windows, and MacOS.
    • OpenStack: Renowned for cloud computing, managing distributed computing, networks, and storage resources efficiently.

In addition to increasing the efficiency of your KVMs, management platforms are something we specifically offer to help your business run smoothly and optimize operations.

The post What is KVM? Why We Use a Kernel-Based Virtual Machine appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

Searching for files in Linux might seem daunting for newcomers, but with guidance, locating files or tallying the number of files in a Linux system becomes a breeze.

To find files or specific file names in Linux, utilizing the command line (or terminal) offers several tools such as find, locate, grep, and whereis.

Here’s an exploration of various commands and their basic usage to find files in your Linux system:

12 Ways to Find Files in Linux

1. Find Command

The find command in Linux is a highly potent instrument that enables users to look for files and directories based on multiple parameters like file name, size, and modification time, as well as examine file permissions. When using find to look for a file, the syntax to use is as follows:

find [path] -name [filename]

In this case, the filename is the name of the file you’re looking for, and the path is the directory where you want to start your search. For instance, you’ll need to use the following command to locate files with the name example.txt in the current directory structure and its sub-directories:

find . -name example.txt

This will look through every file with the name example.txt.

Even more, you can use wildcards to search your Linux filesystem for files that contain a particular pattern. For example, you’ll need to enter the following command to search for all files ending in.txt:

find . -name "*.txt"

This will search the current files and directories for a file (or files) that end in .txt.

2. Locate Command

Another useful tool for finding files in Linux is the locate command. In order to search files and directories and their locations more quickly than the find command on large file systems, it uses a pre-built database. Use the following syntax to use locate to look for a file:

locate [filename]

Like before, to search for a file named example.txt, you can use the following command:

locate example.txt

This will search for all files named example.txt in your entire file system.

Note that the locate command uses a pre-built database and must be updated regularly. To update the database, just run the following:

sudo updatedb

Well done! Now you can search for files and directories with the locate command.

3. Grep Command

The grep command is another tool for locating file patterns; it’s also referred to as the command to search for files inside files. It can look through a file or collection of files for a particular string or a pattern. Use the following syntax to look for a string in a file:

grep [string] [filename]

For instance, to search for the string example in a file named example.txt (classic, right?), you can use the following:

grep example example.txt

This will search for all occurrences of the string example in the file example.txt (i.e., think of symbolic links). On top of this, you can also use wildcards to search for patterns in multiple files.

For example, to search for all files in a directory and its subdirectories that contain the string example, enter the following in the terminal:

grep -r "example" .

Easy as pie!

4. -type Option With Find

You can use the find command to search for files based on their type by using the -type option. For instance, use the following command to look through every directory:

find . -type d

This looks through every directory.

5. -size Option With Find

You can search for files in your system using the find command’s -size option, but this time, it will search for files based on size. Now, use the following command to look for any file larger than 1MB in the current directory and all of its subdirectories:

find . -size +1M

This will provide the ability to locate files larger than 1MB.

6. Find command With the Exec Option

For a moment, let’s return to the find command. It gives you the ability to run a command on the files that correspond to your search criteria. To remove all files ending in .bak, for example, type the following command:

find . -name "*.bak" -exec rm {} \;

This tells the system to find files with the .bak extension and delete them.

7. Find Command With the mtime and ctime Options

You are able to search for files according to their creation and modification times with the mtime and ctime commands. For example, type the following command to find all files modified within the last seven days in the current directory and its subdirectories:

find . -type f -mtime -7

You can use this to locate a file that has been edited within the last week. Not too bad, huh?

8. Find Command With the User Option

You can look for files that belong to a particular user by using the user option. This command will look for all files owned by user John in the current directory and any of its subdirectories:

find . -type f -user john

This looks through the current directory and all of its subdirectories for any files that belong to the user John.

9. Locate Files With the Locate Command

In Linux, the locate command offers a very quick method of finding files. To locate files fast, it makes use of a database that contains every file on your system. The database might not always be current, though, as it needs to be updated on a regular basis. Enter the following command to use the locate command to look for files:

locate filename

Change the filename to the name of the file you wish to look up. The list of all the files that match your search will be returned by the locate command.

10. Find Command With the -name Option

You can also use the find command to look for files by name. Use this command to look for any file with the word “data” in the file name:

find . -name "*data*"

This will search for all files with the word data in their name. The * characters before and after the word data are wildcards matching any characters before and after.

11. Find Command with Multiple Options

To look for files based on a variety of criteria, you can combine multiple options. For instance, you can use the following command to find all files larger than 1MB that were modified within the last seven days in the current directory and its subdirectories:

find . -type f -size +1M -mtime -7

This gives the command to find files larger than 1MB and modified in the last 7 days, like the mtime and ctime commands.

12. whereis Command

Whereis is another tool you can use to search for other files, like libraries or configuration files. For instance, you should use the following command to find the location of the Apache web server configuration file:

whereis httpd.conf

The location of the httpd.conf file, which normally contains the Apache web server’s configuration settings, would be output by doing this.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the power of the command line lies in its ability to locate files quickly once you get the hang of it. These were but a handful of the innumerable commands and configuration options that come with Linux.

After a little experience, you will find the files you require on your Linux system with ease by using the terminal to find them.

Finally, don’t forget that you can install a specific app, such as a file manager, to quickly search your directory hierarchy if your desktop doesn’t allow you to search your system for files and folders.

The post Utilizing the Command Line to Find Files in Linux appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

Creating graphical user interfaces (GUIs) is a crucial aspect of web applications, allowing users to interact visually with electronic devices. Python’s interactive programming nature makes it a go-to choice for developers diving into GUI creation after mastering Python basics.

Python offers diverse opportunities for GUI frameworks, spanning platforms like Linux, Windows, and Mac OS. This guide curates the top 10 Python GUI frameworks, each popular and user-friendly, aiding developers in effective GUI development where Python’s native support for GUI frameworks may lack.

Why is Python GUI Framework Important?

Python GUI frameworks streamline user interface development, simplifying the process and enabling developers to start building their interfaces effectively. Now, let’s dive into the countdown of the best Python GUI frameworks.

Best Python GUI Frameworks for Developers

There are numerous Python GUI frameworks available; in this blog, we’ve compiled a list of some of the most well-liked ones.

1. PyQt5

One of the most popular Python frameworks for GUIs is PyQt5. The Qt framework, a cross-platform framework for creating a variety of applications on various platforms, is the subject of the PyQt package.

As a cross-platform or fully QT application framework, PyQt5 allows programmers to create applications that run on a variety of operating systems, including Windows, Mac, Linux, iOS, and Android. It recommends QtDesigner and QtGUI modules, which provide visual elements that the designer can use by simply dragging and dropping.

As a result, you can choose to create and install a virtual environment. Install PyQT in the virtual environment using Python pip after launching the virtual environment.

2. Tkinter

Tkinter is Python’s interface version for the Tk widget set. It is the traditional Python interface to the Tk GUI toolkit and is the de facto standard GUI toolkit for Python. The GUI library for Python As an open-source Python project for the GUI (Graphical User Interface) library, Tkinter is one of the most well-known.

Tkinter refers to the visual components as widgets, and each widget comes with a unique class of customizability. Additionally, it offers a broad range of frequently used parameters that most developers are already familiar with, like:

• • • Frame.
    • Canvas.
    • Buttons.
    • File Dialogs.
    • Check buttons.
    • Labels.

3. Kivy

For the purpose of creating user interfaces, Kivy is a Python GUI framework for OpenGL ES 2. It is compatible with Linux, Mac, Windows, iOS, Android, and Raspberry Pi.

The Kivy framework was developed using a combination of Python and Cython, with the goal of helping developers create user-friendly applications that integrate multi-touch functionality. The multi-touch functionality of these apps aids in the implementation of Natural User Interface (NUI). Users can expose a multitude of interactions through this interface that are not readily apparent.

Kivy encourages the OpenGL ES 2 designer to deliver code to multiple platforms with built-in support, allowing for modern techniques and graphics authorization. Among the primary characteristics of the Python GUI frameworks Kivy are:

• • • Based on Python.
    • One-time code that works on all devices.
    • Easy-to-use widgets with multi-touch support.
    • Multiple platform deployment options.

4. wxPython

WxPython is compatible with Mac OS, Linux, Windows, and Inix-Based systems, just like other libraries and frameworks. Now implemented as a Python extension module, wxpPython is an open-source wrapper known as WxWindows for the cross-platform GUI library wxWidgets.

The following are a few advantages of wxPython:

• • • Large library of native widgets.
    • Native look-and-feel.
    • Extremely adaptable.
    • Helpful user community.

5. PySimpleGUI

The goal of PySimpleGUI was to make GUI programming more approachable for Python newcomers. While PySimpleGUI offers the convenience of starting without having to worry about the advanced complexities of other libraries, other frameworks require complicated tasks. Some Python GUI frameworks may initially discourage developers who are new to the field of GUI development with Python applications.

Four additional Python GUI frameworks are required by the framework:

• • • Qt.
    • Tkinter.
    • wxPython.
    • Remi.

They experience a sharp decline in problem by running the majority of the code. Novices are encouraged to design user interfaces that are intuitive, given managed credentials, and have the option to select a framework for the visual elements that are delivered with it. Among the principal advantages of PySimpleGUI are:

• • • Easy for beginners.
    • The sophisticated intricacies of other frameworks are not necessary.
    • Uses Qt, Tkinter, wxPython, and Remi.
    • Make user interfaces using your preferred GUI framework.

6. Libavg

Python is a scripting language that Libavg, a GUI framework, bends to. It is one of the most thoughtful and practical libraries for creating touch-based device user interfaces. The acceleration of hardware is executed via OpenGL and GPU shadres.

The Python library continues to support animation and cameras, text alignment, GPU effects, and a host of other features. The following are some of Libavg’s main advantages:

• • • Python as a scripting language.
    • Wide range of features.
    • Advanced screen layout engine.
    • Written in C++.

7. PyForms

Python users can use the PyForms GUI framework to implement Windows Forms. It enables the creation of extremely interactive Windows GUI, Terminal, and Web interfaces by programmers.

It is simpler for developers to create a cross-platform or open-source library. Open-source and cross-platform libraries are available to make it easier for developers to create applications for multiple platforms without requiring any coding changes. Additionally, it enables the user to design unique graphical user interfaces. Among the essential elements are:

• • • Open-source Python library
    • Cross-platform

8. PySide2

PySide2, also known as QT for Python, is another excellent Python GUI library that provides access to the official Python bindings for Qt (PySide2). By using the binding generator tool, one can expose C++ projects to Python and enable its APIs in Python applications.

You can experiment with a number of GUI frameworks, such as PyGUI, PySide 2, and wxPython, if you’re still using Python 2. You should be aware, though, that neither the Python Software Foundation nor the Python community officially support Python 2.

Qt is the benchmark for GUI design in the industry, and all other Python GUI frameworks are measured against it. Python developers can create user interfaces more quickly and easily with PySide2, which provides a wide range of helpful GUI components and packages.

9. Wax

Wax, the wxPython wrapper, is almost at the bottom of our list. Additionally implemented as a Python extension module, Wax facilitates the creation of cross-platform software. The implementation consists of a collection of C++ Python extension modules that encapsulate the wxWidgets cross-platform library’s GUI elements. With the help of wxPython, you can create native user interfaces that give your application the functionality of a functional library without adding any extra overhead.

The purpose of Wax is to facilitate Python object and element access for developers working on GUI implementations. High performance and efficiency are attributes of wax. The following are some of wax’s primary benefits:

• • • Open-source and cross-platform
    • Easy-to-use
    • Same functionality as wxPython
    • Implemented as an extension module for Python

10. PyGUI

A more approachable API called the Python GUI Project lets programmers create user interfaces for Python apps. Because there is less code between the application and the target platform, the lightweight framework guarantees increased efficiency.

PyGUI allows programmers to create applications for a variety of operating systems and platforms, such as Unix-based systems, Mac OS devices, and Windows computers. You can refer to the Python documentation of the library instead of consulting other GUI libraries. The following are some of PyGUI’s primary benefits:

• • • All documentation is written in Python
    • Available in Python 2 and 3
    • Supports Python extensions like OpenGL and GTK
    • Open-source and cross-platform GUI toolkit

Conclusion

With the many Python GUI frameworks available today—including TkInter, Kivy, PyForms, and others—we can now create incredibly user-friendly interfaces that will wow users. We hope that this list will either completely eliminate or greatly reduce your search for the top Python GUI frameworks. What do you think about Python GUI building frameworks? Which structure do you employ? We look forward to hearing from you!

The post Top 10 GUI-Friendly Python Libraries appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

Let’s Encrypt is a free and open certificate authority that provides SSL/TLS certificates. The new certificate they issued is trusted by most browsers like Windows XP, Internet Explorer, etc. Moreover, they also fully automate the task of renewal and issuing certificates.

Here we have a blog post that covered the process of renewing installed certificates for

How does Let’s Encrypt Operates?

Let’s Encrypt first validates the ownership of a domain and then issues a specific certificate. It runs on your domain name and creates a token with the help of the information available. Afterward, the server requests an HTTP to fetch the file, and the token gets validated. Further, the DNS records are verified by the server running the Let’s Encrypt certificate. This process works with all web servers, including mail servers, VPS Server, etc.

Manual Renew Let’s Encrypt Certificates for NGINX Servers

The NGINX generates an SSL/TLS certificate using the certbot NGINX wizard. Once you have installed the Python certbot NGINX plugin, you can use the following certbot command to generate the certificate:

sudo certbot --nginx

For manually renewing SSL/TLS certificate using certbot, the following command is used:

sudo certbot renew -- nginx

After entering this command, a dialogue box containing some steps for the renewal will be prompted. You can renew certificates that expire in less than 30 days. Once the certificate is renewed, it is valid for 90 days.

The NGINX reloads independently, so you are not required to start or stop the NGINX plugin. The visitors to the site will automatically get the renewed certificate after the successful completion of the task using certbot renew feature.

multiple domain names with the help of Let’s Encrypt.

Automatic renewal of SSL certificates for NGINX

Setting up a renew automatically feature can help avoid manual labor. Using this feature, a server admin does not have to keep logging into a server repeatedly.

This task is accomplished by using cron. A cron is a command line that schedules jobs on Unix and similar operating systems. When you install certbot, a cron file gets automatically installed to /etc/cron.d/certbot location. In case the file is not created, use the following command to update the content:

SHELL=/bin/sh


PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin


0*/12***root certbot -q renew --nginx

With this, the certificates will be auto-renewed, running on NGINX. The code’s ‘-q’ flag prevents any output from getting logged.

Manual SSL/TLS Certificates Renewal for Apache Webserver

Renewing the SSL/TLS certificate on an Apache web server is quite similar to what it is on NGINX. The only difference between these web servers is the installation of certificates and the command used to renew them.

In the Apache web server certbot, Apache wizard generates the certificates for domains by using the following command on the domains :

sudo certbot --apache

After the encrypted certificate is loaded, the next task is to set them up for renewal. The manual command to complete the process is:

sudo certbot renew --apache

You will receive a dialogue box with further steps for a successful installation. Follow them, and your certificates will get renewed. To confirm the renewal, check the domain for the HTTPS tag.

Automatic renewal of Let’s Encrypt SSL certificates for Apache Web Server

For managing the auto-renew of SSL certificates, you will require a cron file. While installing certbot, a/etc/cron.d/certbot directory will be created, allowing automatic renewal.

If it is not available, you can use the below-mentioned command and set up the auto-renewal process:

SHELL=/bin/sh


PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin

0*/12***root certbot -q renew --apache

Conclusion

The purpose of repeatedly renewing the SSL/TLS certificate is to validate a website’s identity. With the certificate, users can stay assured that their encryption is up to date and that their data is safe during transit mode. Most certificates expire after every 90 days, but one can renew them in 60 days.

The above article has summed up how to successfully renew your TLS/SSL certification using the certbot command. After using these methods, one can successfully renew their specific certificates manually and automatically.

The post How can I renew Let’s Encrypt certificates? appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

Have you ever wondered how much memory is available on your Linux system? If you do, you’re not alone.

Linux’s memory usage is low compared to other operating systems. However, it doesn’t offer an intuitive way to check memory. And that’s why, in this article, we’ll learn five ways to check memory usage in Linux.

We’ll cover a detailed explanation of each Command and how to read the results. It’ll help sysadmins and developers to use these tools to manage system memory confidently.

For this tutorial, we’re going to use Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS. You can still follow the guide using any other Linux distribution, as these command line tools work on all Linux distributions.

To follow the guide, you must have the following:

• • • Access to a Linux user account with sudo privileges.
    • Access to a terminal or command line interface
    • Ability to install new packages, such as access to the APT package manager

Let’s get started.

Why do you need to learn about Memory usage in Linux?

Before we start, it is essential to learn about memory usage. In other words, does the knowledge of free and used memory matter?

Each time you run a process, it consumes Random Access Memory(RAM). Without RAM, a program will not function. So, if you try to run a process that requires more memory than is currently available, it won’t run. Also, running processes in Linux changes memory usage based on users’ actions. If the user tries to do an action, but the system cannot allocate it, it can crash or show an error. All of these become important if you’re running a low-spec machine.

Sysadmins must also learn about system memory to optimize it for the best performance. This way, they can learn about rouge apps that slow down the whole system by clogging system memory. This can block new applications or even crucial Linux kernel processes.

In addition, you can use memory usage in Linux commands to learn about the total physical memory installed on the system. It also provides information about Linux swap partitions, including other vital system info.

On the other hand, web admins can also use these tools to check memory usage in their Linux servers. This way, they can learn whether the server can handle site visitors during peak hours. If memory usage is too high, you can always add more physical memory to handle peak traffic.

In short, keeping a tab on memory usage in Linux lets you troubleshoot issues with your system. After all, the Linux system depends on memory and how it is utilized. So, if you’re a sysadmin or a developer, you need to know the exact amount of free and used memory alongside the server’s swap memory, kernel’s caches, and buffers.

cat Command to Show Linux Memory Usage

The cat command on Linux lets you read data from files and provides output to the terminal. Here, the cat command stands for Concatenate.

On the other hand, Linux stores all the memory usage information in the /proc/meminfo file.

So, we can combine both of them to reveal information about available and used memory.

To do so, run the Command below:

cat /proc/meminfo

It’ll output the real-time system’s memory usage. Moreover, it’ll also list the shared memory usage in Linux. If you’re looking for buffers’ info, you’ll also get it here.

cat /proc/meminfo

#output
MemTotal:

8090732 kB
MemFree:

7642496 kB
MemAvailable:

7583008 kB
Buffers:

5912 kB
Cached:

119512 kB
SwapCached:

0 kB
Active:

20964 kB
Inactive:

141668 kB
Active(anon):

1812 kB
Inactive(anon):

37632 kB
Active(file):

19152 kB
Inactive(file):

104036 kB
Unevictable:

0 kB
Mlocked:

0 kB
SwapTotal:

2097152 kB
SwapFree:

2097152 kB
Dirty:

0 kB
Writeback:

0 kB
AnonPages:

37208 kB
Mapped:

63220 kB
Shmem:

2236 kB
KReclaimable:

21148 kB
Slab:

67344 kB
SReclaimable:

21148 kB
SUnreclaim:

46196 kB
KernelStack:

3184 kB
PageTables:

1216 kB
NFS_Unstable:

0 kB
Bounce:

0 kB
WritebackTmp:

0 kB
CommitLimit:

6142516 kB
Committed_AS:

390148 kB
VmallocTotal:

34359738367 kB
VmallocUsed:

23376 kB
VmallocChunk:

0 kB
Percpu:

4352 kB
AnonHugePages:

14336 kB
ShmemHugePages:

0 kB
ShmemPmdMapped:

0 kB
FileHugePages:

0 kB
FilePmdMapped:

0 kB
HugePages_Total:

0
HugePages_Free:

0
HugePages_Rsvd:

0
HugePages_Surp:

0
Hugepagesize:

2048 kB
Hugetlb:

0 kB
DirectMap4k:

19456 kB
DirectMap2M:

4128768 kB
DirectMap1G:

13631488 kB

As you can notice, the /proc/meminfo lists all the processes, buffers, and shared memory usage in kilobytes. The MemTotal is the total memory of your system. The MemFree, on the other hand, lists free memory. You’ll also see MemAvailiable, which is similar to MemFree. It lets you know how much memory is available for new processes.

The other values are as below:

• • Buffers: The amount of memory used by buffers.
  • Cached: The amount of memory used as cache memory.
  • SwapTotal: The total amount of swap memory.
  • SwapFree: The available swap memory.

If you want to know more about /proc/meminfo values, read this: Explanation of /proc/meminfo values.

You can also use the following commands to show fewer values.

less /proc/meminfo

more /proc/meminfo

Free Command to see free and used memory in Linux

The free Command is a neat way to learn about your system’s physical and swap memory status. It lists the total, used, and free memory usage, alongside shared and buff/cache values. Lastly, it also lists available memory.

To run the Command, type the following in the terminal.

free

By default, it’ll show the values in Kilobytes. If you need the output in Megabytes(MB), use the -m flag.

free -m

The output is:

total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 7901 303 7452 2 145 7395
Swap: 2048 0 2048

Understanding the free Command displays information is accessible. Under the entire tab, you’ll see the Mem and Swap values. Similarly, it also lists the used and free values. Let’s list them below.

• • • Total: Shows the system’s total RAM. In our case, it is 7901 MB.
    • Used: Shows the system’s used RAM. In our case, it is 303 MB.
    • Free: Shows the system’s free memory. In our case, it is 7452 MB.
    • Shared: Here, you’ll find the memory usage by the tmpfs file system.
    • Buff/cache: It lists the memory used by the buffer and cache.
    • Available: System’s available memory for new apps. In other words, any app can use the available memory without relying on swap memory.

The Memory column list all the above information. As for Swap, you only get Total, Used, and Free values.

Lastly, if you want to display it in line, then you need to use the following Command.

free -t -m

vmstat Command to Report Virtual Memory Statistics in Linux system

If you only want to learn about virtual memory statistics, use the vmstat Command. The command syntax is:

vmstat

It reports virtual memory statistics, including processes, paging, block device, memory, traps, disks, and CPU.

However, its output is not easy to read. You’ll get the following output if you type vmstat in the terminal.

#output
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ------cpu-----


r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa st


0 0 0 7631484 5912 142568 0 0 1 0 1 19 0 0 100 0 0

As you can see, the output is not clear. To circumvent it, you can use the -s switch flag. It forces the vmstat Command to show values in a single column. This makes it easy to read.

vmstat -s

#output


8090732 K total memory


310728 K used memory


22340 K active memory


144956 K inactive memory


7631484 K free memory


5912 K buffer memory

142608 K swap cache


2097152 K total swap


0 K used swap


2097152 K free swap


299 non-nice user cpu ticks


0 nice user cpu ticks


581 system cpu ticks


8080176 idle cpu ticks


51 IO-wait cpu ticks


0 IRQ cpu ticks


24 softirq cpu ticks


0 stolen cpu ticks


84626 pages paged in


972 pages paged out


0 pages swapped in


0 pages swapped out


42773 interrupts


1555675 CPU context switches


1677583195 boot time


334 forks

With vmstat, you can check memory usage on Linux and learn about different system summaries. That’s why vmstat is more of a system monitor tool that offers more than just checking RAM usage.

Some of its unique options include:

• • • – a Active: It lets you discover the system’s active and inactive memory.
    • – f : It lists the number of times the system has been forked since boot.
    • -d : Use it to show disk space and other disk statistics

In short, you can use vmstat to learn about procs, swap space, operating system’s IO, interrupts, and context switches. Additionally, you can learn about CPU usage, including time running kernel code, non-kernel code, idle time spent, and much more.

Top Command to Check Memory Use

The top Command is another useful command to check memory usage in the Linux operating system. It provides a detailed system summary that offers access to memory and CPU usage.

The syntax of the top Command is as below.

top

When you run the top Command, it offers access to the following information:

• • • memory/ swap system processes
    • number of users logged in
    • Average load on the system
    • System’s uptime
    • Number of tasks running processes
    • The number of CPUs utilization

And the output for the top Command to check memory usage is as below:

top - 19:47:24 up 27 min, 0 users, load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00


Tasks: 6 total, 1 running, 5 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie


%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 st


MiB Mem : 7901.1 total, 7459.8 free, 296.8 used, 144.5 buff/cache


MiB Swap: 2048.0 total, 2048.0 free, 0.0 used. 7402.4 avail Mem


PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND


1 root 20 0 2296 1608 1516 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 init(Ubuntu)


4 root 20 0 2296 4 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 init


7 root 20 0 2300 100 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 SessionLeader


8 root 20 0 2316 104 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 Relay(9)


9 nitt 20 0 6080 5044 3324 S 0.0 0.1 0:00.02 bash


22 nitt 20 0 7792 3616 3032 R 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 top

The top Command offers customizability through user-specified criteria. This makes it interactive, and it also updates periodically. So, if you need to check memory usage in real-time, you can use the top Command.

It starts with CPU information, followed by memory usage. At the bottom, it has a processes tab that lists processes individually. Furthermore, each process has its details listed, including:

• • • PID (Process ID),
    • User,
    • PR (Process Priority),
    • NI (Nice Value),
    • VIRT (virtual memory used by process),
    • RES (Physical RAM usage by that particular process),
    • SHR (Shared RAM usage by that particular process),
    • %CPU (shows the CPU usage for the process),
    • $MEM (shows the memory usage for the process),
    • TIME+ (CPU Time listed in hundredths of a second),
    • COMMAND (list the command name that started the process

htop Command to Find the Memory Load of Each Process

htop Command is an evolution of the top Command. It offers better controls and a user-friendly environment for the users.

The syntax of the Command is:

htop

As soon as you input it, the following visual representation will pop up:

Like the top Command, the htop command updates in real-time. It has three main segments. The first segment visually provides valuable data, including installed RAM, amount of memory left, number of tasks running, average load, and uptime.

In the 2nd segment, you’ll notice all process-related data. Unlike the top Command, you can perform actions on each process here.

The bottom(3rd section) is where you’ll find all the available options, such as Setup(F2), Search(F3), F5(Tree), and so on.

It doesn’t come pre-installed in many systems as it is newer than the top Command. To install it, run the following Command:

sudo apt install htop


sudo apt-get install htop

Bonus: GNOME Desktop: GUI tool to see memory usage

Linux systems are created to work with a command line interface. However, if you dislike working with the command line output, you can always use a GUI tool such as GNOME desktop to check memory usage.

To do so, you need to run the following prompt in the command line:

gnome-system-monitor

If the Command doesn’t work, you must install it.

sudo apt install gnome-system-monitor

You can access it by going to system> Administrator > System Monitor.

As you can see that the window has three tabs: Processes tab, Resources tab, and File Systems tab. You can switch between each tab to learn about them.

Conclusion

This leads us to the end of our five commands to check memory in the Linux system. We covered five commands: cat, htop, vmstat, top, and free Command. You can use any of them to see the Linux system’s memory usage. However, learning how to interpret these commands’ output is critical. It enables you to troubleshoot memory issues, especially if you’re a developer or a sysadmin.

The post 5 Commands to Check Memory Usage in Linux appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

If you are a programmer, you’ll notice everything talking about Linux as the best operating system to write programs. That’s true, as Linux offers a stable, secure, and configurable environment to develop apps.

It is also free and updated regularly to give you the best possible experience. That’s why, in this topic, we’ll go through the best Linux distros for programming.

As every programmer has a different requirement, it is impossible to recommend one Linux distro. All distro have features that may fit someone’s needs better.

That’s why our list will contain 12 Linux distros for programming. You can choose the one you like based on your programming/development needs. Let’s get started.

What is Linux?

Linux is a popular open-source operating system. It offers excellent customization and a great feature set for various users worldwide. Linux is primarily popular among advanced users. However, the norm is changing as Linux is becoming more user-friendly than ever, thanks to different user-focused distros.

Many big companies prefer to use Linux as it is open-source. This gives them complete control over the source code, enabling them to customize and configure the OS per their requirements.

For example, Oracle uses Linux to power its services, including products such as virtualization software and Java. They currently offer two OS: Oracle Linux(their take on Linux) and Oracle Solaris. Other examples include IBM, Google, and Redhat.

What is a Linux distro?

Linux distribution is a Linux flavor containing different components, projects, and software. Any Linux distribution needs to have the following:

• • • Linux kernel
    • An interface. It can be text-based or graphical.
    • X server
    • Installer
    • Package management system
    • Supplemental software
    • Pre-installed applications
    • Upgrade models

Some examples of popular Linux distributions include Ubuntu, Fedora, Majora, Kali Linux, and more.

Brief History of Linux and Linux Distributions

Linux history started with Linus Torvalds releasing the Linux operating system in the 1990s. He and Free Software Foundation (FSF) developed the earlier kernel version 0.2.

It took them four years(1994) to release Linux kernel version 1.0. On the other side of the spectrum, Richard Stallman and FSF created GNU, which offers OS utilities. Combining these, we get GNU/Linux, also known as Linux.

Next came the Linux distributions. In 1992, Patrick Volkerding launched Slackware, a popular Linux distro. However, it got toppled by Redhat.

Another popular distro that made news in 1992 was openSUSE. It has stood the time of the test and is still popular(at the time of writing). The creators of openSUSE were Roland Dyroff, Buchard Steinbild, Thomas Fehr, and Hubert Mantel.

More valuable and unique distros came into the market with time. Check out The History of Various Linux Distros to read about Linux distribution.

What Makes a Good Linux Distro for Programming?

Programmers prefer Linux for multiple reasons.

• • • Reliability and security: A secure Linux OS can help programmers focus on development rather than trying to protect their intellectual property.
    • Free and open-source: Linux is free. This means no spending on software and licensing.
    • Access to distributions: Unlike MacOS or Windows, here, you get to choose from various Linux distros, ideal for specific programming needs.
    • Controlled updates: Linux doesn’t force its users to update. Here, you’re in complete control and can update whenever you want.
    • Great community: Programmers can enjoy proper community support. This way, they can find answers quickly to their queries.
    • Faster and less requirement: Linux is faster and works excellently on lesser hardware. So, if you’re running an old machine, you can still use it with Linux to create the best possible development environment.

Importantly, Linux offers server shells. It enables programmers to enter commands on a command-line interface and communicate directly with the operating system.

How to choose the best Linux distro for you if you are a programmer?

You must determine your specific requirement to choose the right Linux distro for programming. For example, if you’re a beginner, you should start with Ubuntu or Linux Mint. They both are beginner-friendly and easy to use.

However, if you’re into software engineering, you must pick a more advanced Linux distribution such as RedHat/CentOS or Debian. Slackware, Linux from Scratch, and Gentoo are suitable for hardware enthusiasts.

Next comes Kali Linux, which provides excellent value to pen testers. Lastly, Raspberry Pi is great for Raspberry Pi users.

Note: Most Linux distros offer a live distribution option. This means you can install it on a USB stick and test it before installing it.

12 Best Linux Distros For Programming In 2023

As mentioned earlier, your ideal Linux distro depends on your requirement. With that in mind, let’s list the different options below.

• • • Ubuntu – Best for Beginner Programmers
    • Manjaro – Best for Intermediate Programmers
    • Arch Linux – Best for Advanced Programmers
    • Fedora – Ultimate Choice for Top-tier Programmers
    • Linux Mint – Great pick for Windows users
    • Zorin OS – Best Windows-like Distro for Programmers
    • Pop!_OS – Ready-to-Use Linux Distro for Programming
    • Debian – Best Pick for Linux Developers
    • Kali Linux – Must Pick for Security Experts
    • Puppy Linux – For Developers with Old Machines
    • Raspberry Pi OS – Must Use for Raspberry Pi Developers
    • OpenSUSE – Best Distribution for Sysadmins

Ubuntu –Best for Beginner Programmers

Ubuntu’s popularity is not just because it is easy to use and ideal for first-time Linux users. It is also popular because it is also suited for programming.

Ubuntu is Debian based distro and hence is highly stable. However, its Long Term Support(LTS) for five years makes it more desirable among developers considering that they don’t have to keep updating the operating system.

Technically, Ubuntu offers tons of tools out of the box. You can also find and install most packages. It uses an APT package manager to facilitate easy package management. With it, you can perform tasks such as installing, configuring, removing, and upgrading software.

Moreover, Ubuntu also supports the “.deb” package, which makes installing apps and software easy and intuitive. And, if you ever feel lost, you can take advantage of its Software Center, which offers access to great apps for programming.

Before you get started, note that Ubuntu comes in different flavors. It also has Ubuntu Cloud and Ubuntu Server flavors. Overall, Ubuntu is one of the great Linux distros for programming.

Manjaro – Best for Intermediate Programmers

If you like Arch Linux, but don’t like how hard it is, then Manjaro Linux is best suited for you. Manjaro Linux is based on Arch Linux but offers access to a graphical user interface. To install software, you get access to GUI-powered Pacmana and Octopi.

As Manjaro is based on Arch Linux, it is highly customizable. It is also based on rolling updates, meaning you only need to install Manjaro once.

Manjao Linux has three editions for desktop environments: GNOME, XFCE, and KDE.

For programmers, Manjaro has a lot to offer. For example, you can use the configuration framework to modify applications, workflows, and graphics designs.

By this, you can add or remove automatic software updates. You can swiftly change the system’s kernel or use them simultaneously.

Arch Linux – Best for Advanced Programmers

Arch Linux is one of the best Linux distros for advanced users. It is a cutting-edge community-driven distro that gives access to new packages. And that’s why it falls under the rolling release.

This means you only need to install it once and don’t have to worry about updating it. However, you must update to the latest version once the new packages arrive. So, to maintain a stable programming environment

It also has low hardware requirements. Arch Linux’s minimum requirements include 512 MB RAM, 2 GB disk space, and a CPU.

Here, you don’t get any GUI. This means you need to work with the terminal. As for the package manager, you get Pacman and AUR infrastructure.

You get compensated with these amazing command line scripts because you can’t access GUI. These scripts include (c)fdisk, (c)gdisk for partitioning, arch-install-scripts package contents, SSH daemon for remote installation, and wi-fi menu command.

Fedora – best for server programmers

Fedora is one of the well-known Linux distros for programming. Like Debian, it comes in different editions, including server, IoT, and desktop workshops.

Fedora distro ships in different desktop environments, including KDE Plasma, XFCE, LXQT, Cinnamon, and others. You’ll get access to the GNOME desktop environment if you download the default Fedora distro.

Additionally, Fedora is a community-managed Linux distro. It is also a testbed for RHEL(Red Hat Enterprise Linux). So, features and packages are tested in Fedora before being pushed to RHEL, an enterprise-ready Linux distribution.

Your choice of Fedora flavor depends on your use case. If you’re a developer, then the Fedora workstation is for you. The Fedora server edition works excellent for server programmers- a must-pick for system admins.

Fedora also works great out of the box. It is compatible with most modern hardware. Furthermore, it is also a tremendous 2nd distro pick for beginners who want to move from Ubuntu-based Linux distributions.

As for features, it comes pre-installed with the most common packages. You can also access the recent Gnome 3 shell with excellent Yum dependency management. They also offer minor releases that provide new features and bug fixes.

Before jumping and using Fedora for programming, ensure you have a decent machine to power it. You need at least 2 GB RAM, a 2 GHz dual-core processor, and 15 GB of free space.

Linux Mint – A great beginner-friendly Windows-like Linux operating system

Linux Mint excels as the best Linux distro for developers. It resembles the Windows interface. Moreover, it is a lightweight distro with interface options such as MATE, Cinnamon, and XFCE.

Under the hood, it uses Ubuntu and Linux kernel. This means it runs all Linux commands with ease. Its package management relies on Advanced Package Tool (APT).

Programmers can also take advantage of Linux Mint’s Software Manager. They can browse, download and install software development tools and apps through it. It follows less strict rules, allowing you to install any app.

Overall, Linux Mint is one of the most popular Linux distros. It is easy to pick up and use with a low learning curve.

Zorin OS – best for programmers coming from Windows

Zorin OS is one of the most popular Linux distributions out there. It is user-friendly and best suited for Windows users. Its desktop environment adopts Mac OS and Windows, offering access to explorer such as Window manager.

Zorin OS borrows heavily from Ubuntu and provides access to the Linux kernel. Here, you get access to Gnome 3 or XFCE desktop environment. Moreover, it is created with security in mind, providing excellent resilience against malware and viruses.

Currently, they offer flavors for schools as well. And, if you want to pay, you can get access to their PRO version, which provides access to advanced features and custom apps.

Zorin OS minimum requirements are low. This makes it a lightweight Linux distro. You need a 1 GHz dual-core processor, 2 GB RAM, and 15 GB of free space to run it.

But what makes it so good for programming? First, you get familiarity(mainly if you previously used Windows). Secondly, it offers WINE’s compatibility with Windows. This means you can work with pre-installed applications and custom apps made for Windows.

Overall, Zorin OS is an excellent Linux distro for programming.

Pop!_OS – Ready to Use Linux Distro for Programming

Pop!_OS is a relatively new distro but offers excellent features for programming. Its COSMIC desktop environment inspires by GNOME. It is fast and provides developers, computer science professionals, and makers with a great working environment.

You’ll also enjoy its keyboard-driven tiling window manager support as a programmer. It gives you the ability to create a productive workflow. It also offers access to workspaces, window management, and shortcuts.

Under the hood, Pop!_OS uses Ubuntu, but there are plenty of differences between them.

Debian – best for programmers that prefer a stable environment

If you’re working on a critical application, you need the most stable Linux distro. Debian is one of those stable distros; I also list it as my best Linux distro.

Debian follows a three-branch approach consisting of an Unstable, Testing, and Stable branch.

As you might have guessed, only the packages that pass testing and pushed to the Stable branch. This means time-tested packages that won’t break your development process.

Kali Linux – best for security programmers

Kali Linux is one of the best Linux distributions, especially if you’re a security programmer or an ethical hacker. It offers access to tons of penetration testing tools. You can also use any of your favorite programming languages to write scripts for testing vulnerable networks or computers.

However, it is not for absolute beginner programmers. Experienced Linux users, on the other hand, can utilize Kali Linux to its potential.

The company behind Kali Linux is Offensive Security. Under the hood, it uses Debian – a stable distribution. As a penetration testing-focused distro, you can access secure apps and tools such as OWASP ZAP, THC Hydra, and SQLMAP.

But does Kali Linux fits as a software development distro? Well, no. It is specialized for pen testing. Also, it would be best if you remembered that the distro ships tools for testing, but that doesn’t mean it’ll make you a hacker or a security expert.

You need in-depth knowledge of programming languages, security, and computers to work with Kali Linux.

Puppy Linux – For Developers with Old Machines

Not everyone has a powerful computer or laptop to run a Linux development environment. That’s where Puppy Linux comes into play. They offer different flavors, one optimized for old and the other for newer computers, based on Ubuntu and Slackware.

It is a lightweight distro that is fast and reliable. Moreover, it is customizable.

To install it, you only need 300 MB or less. This also means that it doesn’t come with a lot of features. However, it has enough features to start your development environment.

If you want to install apps, you can use SquashFS files. These files comprise all the required packages in a compressed format. You also get access to the devx SFS file, which contains various build and development tools.

Raspberry Pi OS – best for students and Python programmers

If you do projects with Raspberry Pi, you must use Raspberry Pi OS. It is a Linux kernel-powered operating system, ideal for students and Python programmers. It supports most programming languages and tools. It is a great Linux distro for developers building embedded systems.

Raspberry Pi OS comes with Mathematica, Node-RED, Greenfoot, BlueJ, and other programming and learning tools.

OpenSUSE – best for sysadmins

OpenSUSE is a popular Linux distro tailor-made for sysadmins, desktop users, and developers. It comes into core flavors: Tumbleweed, a rolling release that is fast and stable. The 2nd flavor is Leap which offers a more stable version.

Once you install it, you’ll get access to YaST(Yet another Setup Tool). It takes care of configuration needs.

It also offers access to Open Build Service(OBS), openQA, and Kiwi.

Overall, OpenSUSE is a fantastic Linux distro. It adds tons of source code with its releases, adding new features. Also, it doesn’t push the updates, as system admins are free to control the release’s delivery plan.

However, to run OpenSUSE won’t run on older computers. You need a decent machine offering at least 2 GB RAM, 2.4 Ghz or a dual-core processor, and 40 GB of free space.

Other Notable Programming Distros

• • • MX Linux: Run any programming language of your choice.
    • Parrot OS: Offers access to tons of tools for developers.
    • Solus OS: x86-64 architectures based on Lnux
    • Drauger OS: A great distro for game programming.
    • Rocky Linux distro: Rocky Linux is an enterprise Linux compatible with RHEL.
    • Cent OS: One of the best Linux distros for enterprise development
    • Gentoo Linux: It is fast and offers a customized Xfce desktop.

Conclusion

Linux is one of the best operating systems for programming. Unlike Windows or Mac, it gives you plenty of options in the form of distros. For example, if you like a simple beginner-friendly distro for programming, you can choose between Elementary OS, Linux Mint, or any Ubuntu-based Linux distribution.

However, suppose you like experimentation and want access to new features. In that case, you must choose Arch Linux or an Arch-based Linux distro such as Manjaro, which is ideal for experienced users. Among the most Lightweight Linux Distros, you have Puppy Linux.

The great thing about all these options is that they use open-source software. You’re free to customize your distro based on your workflow. Most distros offer different desktop environment(s), while few distros don’t.

So, what do you think about the Linux ecosystem? Did you find the best programming distro? If so, comment below and let us know, especially if you’re one of the new Linux users starting your programming journey.

The post 12 Best Linux distros for programming appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.

The Management Operating System, or MOS, is a collection of practices, meetings, and tools used to structure your process for producing results. A management operating system is in charge of adhering to, carrying out, checking, and acting on a plan to enhance the cycle to gain control and enhance the performance of the patching process. The automatic patch management procedure that helps you to save time and avoid errors is patching, which can be a time-consuming operation.

UNIX literature refers to the person responsible for managing the operating system as the system administrator. Just a few system administrators can be considered an administrator. There are related guides available to assist system administrators with their countless responsibilities.

What is the lifetime of patch management?

Obtaining and testing patches, identifying code changes, testing and deploying patches, adding features, correcting bugs, and closing security gaps are all included in patch management, a subset of system administration. Updates for software and operating systems (OS) are the solutions for programs or products that have security issues.

Patch management is necessary for keeping abreast of newly published patches, determining which unreleased fixes are required for particular software and hardware, testing the patches, confirming their correct installation, and documenting the entire process.

Why is patch management necessary?

Some well-known frameworks and laws, including ISO 27001, PCI DSS, and NIST, recommend implementing patch management.

It’s important to handle patches for the following key reasons:

Security:

Patch management fixes weaknesses in software and applications that are vulnerable to cyberattacks, helping your institution to lower its security risk. The Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) advises utilizing computerized options if they are functional.

A system’s uptime:

Patch management guarantees that your software and apps are kept current and run properly, confirming system uptime.

Compliance:

Institutions are frequently required to maintain a specific level of subordination by regulatory agencies due to the ongoing rise in cyberattacks. A crucial component of maintaining compliance standards is patch management.

Feature upgrades:

Further software bug fixes may be moved under patch management to make room for feature updates. Patches may be required to guarantee that you have the most significant and delinquent derivative offers. In addition to measures, there are benchmarks or KPIs (KPIs). They are adjusted to express the performance level you are aiming for.

What varieties of patches are there?

There are several different types of patches:

1. Software patches

There are designed to address faults or vulnerabilities that have already been discovered after a piece of hardware or software has been terminated.

2. Hotfix:

A hotfix patch is created to fix a particular issue. Unlike standard patches, these hotfixes are created and made available as soon as it is practical to do so in order to minimize the effects of a software problem.

3. A point release,

sometimes known as a dot release, is a brief or relatively short update that is intended to correct bugs or other issues with existing software without introducing new functionality.

4. Maintenance Release:

Incremental updates between service packs or software versions address a number of open problems.

5. Security patches:

A security patch is a modification made to an asset to address a vulnerability’s identified flaw.

6. Service Pack (SP) or Feature Pack (FP):

A software application may get a number of updates, corrections, or feature additions in the form of a single installable patch. They frequently denote numerous significant issues and frequently include all of the patches, hotfixes, management, and security patches released prior to the service pack.

7. Unofficial Patches:

These patches are created by a third party or user group, often as a result of a lack of support from the original software creator, such as when the software company went out of business or after a software derivative reached its designated end-of-life.

8. Monkey Patches or Guerrilla Patches:

A monkey patch often referred to as a guerrilla patch, is an update intended to improve or change the behavior of a software product or plugin locally without changing the source code, much like unapproved patches.

The procedure for patch management

Installing new updates without considering the consequences as soon as they become available for all supports in the company’s products would be a bad strategy. An effective strategy should be followed instead.

Patch management should be carried out using a meticulous, security-focused, and financially advantageous organizational procedure. A centralized patch management server allows the association control over the patch management procedure in addition to automating patch administration. The following are some crucial actions in patch management:

• • • Step 1: Create a current:
      This step involves observing what resources are there in the ecosystem, whether on a monthly or quarterly basis. You will have a knowledgeable picture of version kinds, existing IP addresses, and their organizational owners and geographical locations through active asset management.
    • Step 2: Create a plan. While creating a plan is challenging, standardizing your asset inventory makes patching happen faster and more effectively. As new patches are issued, you will need to regularise your assets to a reasonable number in order to speed up your remediation process. This will help the IT teams as well as you.
    • Step 3: Create a list of all security measures in Keep an eye on your firewalls, antivirus software, and vulnerability management program. You ought to be aware of what they are guarding, where they are located, and which assets are connected to them.
    • Step 4: Compare reported vulnerabilities. With your vulnerability management solution, you may better understand your organization’s security posture and risk by determining which vulnerabilities exist for which assets in your ecosystem.

Classify the risk:

You may easily manage whatever assets you believe are crucial to your organization using vulnerability management solutions, and you can then prioritize what needs to be managed as such.

1. Test:

To a representative sample of your lab’s assets, apply the patches. To make sure that the patches won’t cause any problems in the production environment, stress-test the computers before applying the fixes.

2. Put the patches on:

Once you have chosen what to prioritize in order to reduce the environmental risk, start patching. Also, more sophisticated vulnerability management technologies give users the option to automate the laborious steps of the patching procedure.

3. Follow your development:

Verify the success of the patching by reevaluating your assets.

Integrating patch management into measures for vulnerability management:

Any vulnerability management program must have a patch management strategy. But, maintaining a consistent patch management strategy doesn’t always include applying a fix to everything in sight.

Notwithstanding the differences, the terms “patch management” and “vulnerability management” are sometimes used interchangeably. Patch management has a narrow scope, even though vulnerability management and patch management both strive to identify and reduce threats. Businesses should follow vulnerability and patch management best practices holistically to create a thorough security posture. This will give the information required to make wise decisions and increase the efficiency of security measures. System and software security vulnerabilities are continuously prioritized, found, reported, and fixed through vulnerability management.

Vulnerability management is a crucial facet of patch management since it helps to address security flaws. To integrate patch management into the vulnerability management program, the following actions must be taken:

1. Create asset management:

Your ability to reduce risk is only as valuable as your awareness of your surroundings. Let’s say you’re searching for a patch management solution that can provide all the aforementioned security aspects. If so, a variety of solutions are available that provide effective fixes with strong functionality to keep your network patched with the most recent patch releases.

2. Prioritize vulnerabilities.

With restricted time and resources and an ever-changing hazard landscape, it’s ideological to think you can resolve every vulnerability as it appears. Therefore, prioritization is one of the most critical systems of vulnerability management.

3. Remediate vulnerabilities to reduce risk

Recognizing and prioritizing vulnerabilities is necessary, but you’re not lowering risk unless you remediate the problems.

4. Measure the success of your vulnerability management program:

No matter how many flowery characteristics a vulnerability management solution holds, it’s worth the asset if it satisfies your organization’s distinctive demands and adds significance to you and your group.

5. Develop partnerships and support

When something drives faulty, you want to know you have a group of individuals you can depend on to aid troubleshooting.

Vulnerability Patching:

Protecting security in business environments is essential for some reasons, not least the risk of a data security breach or service trouble. Using enterprise software and associated add-ons can yield vulnerabilities that let malicious actors enter your IT environment. Modernizing your systems regularly is significant, and patching vulnerabilities are compulsory to ensure “gaps” are protected. The patching process can sometimes be complicated, as with multiple machines and numerous applications, you must ensure everything is updated. Regardless, patching and editing at inappropriate times can slow down services and applications, eventually affecting your end-user adventure.

Vulnerability patching is stemming your software, applications, and network components for vulnerabilities that could permit a malicious user to access your system and provoke damage. You could uncover your association with a vulnerability when you have a new installation, update, or download.

Vulnerability and Patch Management Process

It’s essential to have a vulnerability and patch management policy surrounding the devices and software you had on your web when they were last patched, a database of available vulnerabilities, a patching schedule, and more. Using a patch management policy across software vendors and the association can keep systems secure.

For Windows, the vulnerability patch management process starts with WSUS and SCCM. WSUS stands for “Windows Server Update Services”, the complimentary vulnerability and patch management tool that arrives with Windows. SCCM is the “System Center Configuration Manager” and is a paid tool. You can also establish Windows systems. Both mechanisms are valuable when handling Windows machines in a large enterprise, especially workstations, and Windows servers.

These instruments are a good beginning for your patching and vulnerability management practice, but their functionality is restricted. Patching tools can produce what WSUS and SCCM propose, which is imperative if you operate many third-party applications or employ a cross of both Windows OS and non-Windows devices on your network. For instance, if your network is moderately available and you have a lot of portable devices connecting seldom, you may be trading with a group of operating systems and machines that ought to be covered.

However, you must maintain a clear patch management plan for your tool. Patching and vulnerability management are continuous processes, so you shouldn’t regularly roll out patches. Deploying and managing patches by procedure across an entire enterprise can generate significant slowdowns for applications and services, eventually affecting end users. Using a tool to assist you schedule and automating patching in a way suited for your enterprise is more beneficial. Once the patch deployment happens, statements on the status of the automated patch management tasks are revised. With an automated Patch Management solution, each enterprise is provided to update its endpoints with the most delinquent patches irrespective of what OS they run and where they are discovered.

Vulnerability and Patch Management Software:

The right patch management software creates all the difference for a thriving vulnerability and patch management process. As mentioned, WSUS is already a feature of Windows systems, and you can also spend for Microsft SCCM. Yet, in multiple issues, you need to look at third-party tools to sustain critical patches for the systems you already own through Windows. How to pick the right patch management software? How do you understand which patch management software is most profitable for your organization? The request differs from business to business. However, there are common periodic characteristics that most organizations peek for in patch management software

A suitable prospect to examine is SolarWinds Patch Manager, which can be exploited for patching servers, workstations, and applications. It also combines well with Microsoft SCCM and WSUS, so you can utilize it to sustain any tools you are operating. Patch Management software supplies a forceful patch management plan, with patch management tools to help you notice which servers and workstations must be patched. In addition, it contains characteristics to help you build deploy patches or patch deployment packages, such as targeting a respective operating system or containing devices exclusively within a specific IP range.

The post Operating System Management and Patch Management appeared first on Server Gigabit Network.